英语翻译历年真题

英语翻译

（课程代码 00087）

I. Word and Phrase Translation (20 points,1 point each)

A. Translate the following words and phrases into Chinese. Write your translation on the Answer Sheet. 

1. fire fighter 2. interest rate 

3. animal feed 4. hydrogen fuel

5. tourism product 6. warning system

7. ocean engineering 8. compulsory education

9.Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation 10. equality of opportunity

B. Translate the following words and phrases into English.Write your translation on the Answer Sheet. 

11.低保 12.公德

13.濒危物种 14.人才库

15.税收制度 16.大病保险

17.外交特权 18.主办城市

19.光学效应 20.背景音乐

II. Translation Revision (20 points, 2 points each)

A. Correct or improve the translation of the following English sentences. Write your revised versions on the Answer Sheet.

Example：

原文∶Adelaide enjoys a Mediterranean climate.

译文∶阿德莱德享有地中海型气候。

改译∶阿德莱德属地中海型气候。

21. 原文∶With 2% of the world's population，we are the world's fifth largest trading nation.

译文∶拥有世界人口的 2%，我们是世界第五大贸易国。

改译∶

22. 原文∶He dismisses stupidity as an explanation because，he contends，everyone knew exactly what they were doing.

译文∶他认为不能用一时糊涂来解释，因为他坚称，当时每个人都完全明白自己在做什么。

改译∶

23. 原文∶The common cold and the flu are both caused by viruses.

译文∶普通的寒冷症状和流感都由病毒引起。

改译∶

24. 原文∶Recent reports on the health benefits of fish oil sound too good to be true.

译文：最近关于鱼油有益健康的报道听起来太好太真实了。

改译∶

25．原文∶ As we need plain wholesome food for the body，so we must have serious reading for the mind.

译文∶因为我们的身体需要清淡而有益健康的食物，所以，我们的头脑必须用严肃读物来充实。

改译∶

B. Correct or improve the translation of the following Chinese sentences. Write your revised versions on the Answer Sheet.

Example:

原文∶能为他的这本散文集子作序，我觉得很荣幸。

译文∶ To write a preface to this collection of his essays gives me a great honor.

改译∶I find it a great honor to write a preface to this collection of his essays.

26. 原文∶ PP（聚丙烯）原本是一种极其顽固的原料，要将它变成纤维本是一件不大可能的事情。

译文∶PP is originally such stable a raw material that it is almost unlikely to tum it into fibers.

改译∶

27. 原文∶不要相信他，他经常食言。

译文∶ Do not trust him， since he often eats his words.

改译∶

28．原文∶台风带来的暴雨对缓解炎热季节的旱情起到了重要的作用，有利于农作物的生长。

译文∶ The downpours accompanying a typhoon play an important role in easing up the drought in the scorching season, that is beneficial to the growth of crops.

改译∶

29. 原文∶ 中国在未来几年内可能在人工智能和绿色能源等领域实现弯道超车。

译文∶ In the coming few years， China is likely to succeed in curve overtaking other countries in such areas as artificial intelligence and green energy.

改译∶

30. 原文∶ 有了几年的实际经验和理论学习，他的种菜水平逐渐得到提高。

译文∶ His vegetable planting skills have been gradually improved after years of practical experiences and theory learning.

改译∶

III. Sentence Translation (20 points, 2 points each)

A. Translate the following underlined sentences into Chinese. Write your translation on the Answer Sheet.

31. Primary among the arguments against uniforms is their lack of variety and the consequent loss of individuality experienced by people who must wear them.Though there are many types of uniforms, the wearer of any particular type is generally stuck with it, without change, until retirement.

32.Understanding exactly how the human brain develops and functions is the greatest challenge of modem biology. Most of what we have learned about the organ since the birth of neuroscience more than 100 years ago derives from experiments done on animals—frequently mice or rats.

33.Indeed, that history gives us many examples of contests as hotly debated,as fiercely fought, with their own challenges to the popular will. Other disputes have dragged on for weeks before reaching resolution. And each time,both the victor and the vanquished have accepted the result peacefully and in the spirit of reconciliation.

34. The question to identify new species is driven by many factors, but it is enticing to consider that new discoveries may hold some promise for innovations in science technology,or society in general, and also inform us about the remarkable array of living things that makes up Earth's thriving ecosystems.

35.You have to search to find London's true delights. Down one ordinary street you will come upon a genuine Shakespearean pub that still serves beer. You can also find,among the new offices of the financial district,the building where Dr. Samuel Johnson once lived and compiled the first authoritative English dictionary.

B. Translate the following underlined sentences into English.Write your translation on the Answer Sheet.

36.前几天，有个骗子给这老人打电话，冒充是他的一个老同事，说他得了癌症需要住院治疗而急需用钱，结果老人中招了，被骗了一万元。

37.外汇需求的产生是因为一个国家的居民想购买外国商品。反过来说，外汇供给的产生则是因为外国顾客想购买这个国家的商品。

38.我们伴着一条小溪行走，溪声盈耳，山色娱目，清风入怀。溪两岸连峰叠嶂，溪水在窄窄的峡谷间穿行，时而平缓时而湍急。

39．在中国，人们一提起杭州就要说到西湖。西湖位于杭州城西，故称之为"西湖"。全国以西湖命名的淡水湖泊有36 处，杭州西湖是其中自然风光最秀丽的一个。 

40.每个孩子都有长处，关键是老师能不能发现孩子的长处，有没有让孩子了解自己的长处，让他们成为更好的自己。这正是一名幼儿园教师的价值所在。

IV. Passage Translation (40 points, 20 points each)

A. Translate the following passage into Chinese. Write your translation on the Answer Sheet. 

41.

The Great Gatsby is an intriguing novel that examines life in American high society during the 1920s. On the surface The Great Gatsby is an entertaining read, but it contains a deeper meaning. It's an example of how the pursuit of money can corrupt people and lead to their downfall.

Several characters in the novel, Tom and Daisy in particular, become so obsessed with wealth that they lose their compassion for others. Despite his great riches, Gatsby is the only character who maintains his integrity by being true to his feelings. He thinks that he can use his luxurious possessions to influence others. Unfortunately, he is frustrated with the reality. Later, he comes to realize that his possessions are worthless.

Gatsby is symbolic of the death of the American Dream—the idea that hard work would lead to prosperity and happiness.To this day, The Great Gatsby remains a powerful reminder that in life, all that glitters is not gold.

B. Translate the following passage into English. Write your translation on the Answer Sheet. 

42. 对中国人来说，家是神圣的。中国人无论走到哪里都忘不了自己的家。

中国人过去喜欢大家庭的生活，有的家庭四世同堂。一个大家庭就是一个小社会。在这个小社会里等级分明，辈分最高者地位最高。现在情况不同了。大家庭解体了，以小家庭为主。人们的生活方式发生了很大的变化，但是人们对家的依恋却依然如故。"每逢佳节倍思亲"是人之常情。

英语翻译

（课程代码 00087）

I. Word and Phrase Translation (20 points,1 point each)

A. 

B. 

11. minimum living allowance 12. social morality

14. talent pool 13. endangered species 

15. tax system 16. serious disease insurance 

17. diplomatic privileges 18. host city 

19. optical effects 20. background music 

【评分参考】

（1）本题共 20 小题，每小题1分，共 20分;

（2）如与参考答案相符，给1分;如与参考答案不符，但意思准确、表达规范，也可给1分;

（3）如与参考答案不符，且在意思、表达等方面有不同程度的偏差，不给分。

II. Translation Revision (20 points, 2 points each)

A. 

21.虽然我们的人口仅占全球的 2%，但我们却是世界第五大贸易国。（考点∶连接词的增译）

22.他坚称当时每个人都完全明白自己在做什么，所以他认为不能用一时糊涂来解释。（考点∶语序调整）

23. 普通感冒和流感都由病毒引起。（考点∶"cold"的翻译）

24．最近关于鱼油有益健康的报道听起来好得令人难以置信。（考点∶"too.. to.."结构的理解与翻译）

25.正如我们的身体需要清淡而有益健康的食物一样，我们的头脑也必须用严肃读物来充实。（考点∶"As... so..."句型的理解与翻译）

B.

26.PP is originally such a stable raw material that it is almost unlikely to turn it into fibers.（考点∶词序调整）

27.Do not trust him，since he often breaks his promise.（考点∶"食言"的翻译） 

28. The downpours accompanying a typhoon play an important role in easing up the drought in the scorching season，which is beneficial to the growth of crops.（考点∶非限定性定语从句引导词的使用）

29.In the coming few years, China is likely to succeed in overtaking other countries in such areas as artificial intelligence and green energy.（考点∶"弯道超车"的翻译）

30. He has gradually improved his vegetable planting skills after years of practical experiences and theory learning. （考点∶主语的选择）

【评分参考】（1）本题共 10小题，每小题2分，共 20 分;

（2）与参考答案相符，给 2 分; 每小题中若有两处错误时，改对一处给 1分;若与参考答案不符，但意思准确，译语规范，也可给 2 分;

（3）如辨认出错误，但未能正确修改，不给分;

（4）如考生已正确修改原文，但又在其它部分出现错误，原则上不给分;如错误小，可酌情给1分。

III. Sentence Translation (20 points, 2 points each)

A. 

31.在不赞同穿制服的观点中，首要的一条就是它们千篇一律，缺少多样化，因而会使人失去自己的特质，那些必须统一着装的人都有如此体验。（考点∶ 倒装句的翻译） 

32.准确理解人类大如何进化以及如何工作，这是现代生物学的最大排战。（考点∶复合句的理解与翻译）

33.而且每一次都是胜败双方本着重归于好的精神心平气和地接受最后的结局。（考点∶状语"peacefully"和"in the spirit of reconciliation"的理解与翻译）

34.不过，人们很容易认为，新发现可能意味着科学技术领域或整个社会将会有所创新。（考点∶ 动词短语"hold some promise for"的理解与翻译）

35.在金融区的新办公楼群中，你还会找到塞缪尔·约翰逊博士曾经居住过的房子，他就是在那里编写出了第一部权威的英文词典。（考点∶定语从句的理解与翻译）

B. 

36.Then the old man was taken in and cheated of 10，000 yuan.（考点∶"中招"的理解与翻译）

37. Conversely, the supply of foreign exchange arises because foreign customers want to buy the goods of the country. （考点∶"外汇供给"的翻译）

38.With hills and mountains on both sides, the stream made its way through the narrow valley，sometimes smooth and sometimes turbulent.（考点∶句子结构转换）

39.In China, there are actually 36 fresh-water lakes that have got the name of West Lake,of which the one in Hangzhou is somehow blessed with the most picturesque natural scenery.（考点∶ 长句的理解与翻译）

40.That is just what the value of a kindergarten teacher lies in.（考点;"正是……所在"的翻译）

【评分参考】（1）本题共 10 小题，每小题2分，共 20分;

（2）如与参考答案相符，给 2 分;如与参考答案不符，但意思准确、表达规范，也可给2分;

（3）如与参考答案不符，且在意思、表达等方面有不同程度的偏差，不给分或酌情给分；

（4）全句译错不给分;句子结构译错每处扣 1 分∶主要词组或单词译错，每处扣0.5分;扣分最多不得超过该句的分值。

IV. Passage Translation (40 points, 20 points each)

A.  41.参考译文∶

《了不起的盖茨比》是一部引人入胜的小说，它审视了 20 世纪 20 年代美国上流社会的生活状况。表面上看，《了不起的盖茨比》是一本娱乐性读物，但它有更深刻的含义。追求金钱会让人堕落，使人万劫不复，本书就是一个例证。

小说的几个角色，尤其是汤姆和黛西，过于迷恋财富，从而丧失了对他人的同情心。盖茨比财力雄厚，却忠实于自己的情感，是小说中唯一一个品行正直的角色。盖茨比以为用自己的大量财富可以影响他人，但不幸的是，现实却让他四处碰壁。后来，他终于认识到了自己的财富毫无价值。

盖茨比这一角色象征着美国梦的破灭，而美国梦的理念就是努力工作便能事业兴旺、幸福美满。时至今日，《了不起的盖茨比》 仍是—部力作，时时提醒着人们; 生活中，闪光的不一定都是金子。

【评分参考】（1）此部分满分为 20分，包括分句评价分 18分，总体评价分2 分;

（2）考生的分句评价分在 15 分（含 15 分）以上，才可加总体评价分。如果译文总体理解正确，内容忠实于原文，表达流畅，译语规范，则可给 2 分。如果理解基本正确，内容基本忠实于原文，表达比较流畅，语言基本规范，则可酌情给 1分；

（3）每句译文如忠实于原文，语言表达无误，则可给满分。句中如有部分误译或漏译，酌情扣分;扣分最多不得超过该句的分值。如整句误译或漏译，则不给分;

（4）若译文与参考答案不符，但意思准确，且译语规范，则不扣分。全文共分 10 句，评分标准如下∶

·第1句∶2分。 长句拆译，如译文结构不合理，扣1分;"intriguing"如译错，扣 0.5分。

·第2句∶2分。"an entertaining read"如译错，扣1分。

·第3句∶2分。"an example of"和"lead to their downfall"如译错，各扣 0.5 分。

·第4句∶2分。"become so obsessed with"和"lose their compassion for"如译错，各扣0.5 分。

·第5句∶2分。 "maintains his integrity"和"by being true to his feelings"如译错，各扣0.5 分。

·第6句∶1分。 "luxurious possessions"如译错，扣 0.5 分。

·第7 句∶1分。 "frustrated"如译错，扣 0.5 分。

·第8句∶1分。 "comes to realize"如译错，扣 0.5 分。

·第9句;3分。 译文结构不合理，扣 1 分;"symbolic of"和"prosperity and happiness"如译错，各扣 0.5分。

·第10句∶2分。 "powerful reminder" 如译错，扣0.5分;"all that glitters is not gold"如译错，扣1分。

42.参考译文∶

Families are sacred to the Chinese. Chinese people, wherever they may be, are strongly attached to their families.

In the old days, Chinese people preferred to live in extended families with up to four generations under the same roof. An extended family was a small society in which everyone had his own place by seniority in the hierarchy. Now things are different.The extended family has given way to the nuclear family. Though the life style has changed a great deal, the Chinese have as strong an attachment to their families as ever. So, it is quite natural and normal for people"to miss all the more their family members during festivals."

【评分参考】（1）此部分满分为 20 分，包括分句评价分18分，总体评价分2 分;

（2）考生的分句评价分在 15 分（含 15 分）以上，才可加总体评价分。如果译文总体理解正确，内容忠实于原文，表达流畅，译语规范，则可给 2 分。如果理解基本正确，内容基本忠实于原文，表达比较流畅，语言基本规范，则可酌情给 1分;

（3）每句译文如忠实于原文，语言表达无误，则可给满分。句中如有部分误译或漏译，酌情扣分;扣分最多不得超过该句的分值。如整句误译或漏译，则不给分;

（4）若译文与参考答案不符，但意思准确，且译语规范，则不扣分。

全文共分9句，评分标准如下∶

·第1句∶ 1.5 分。"家"和"神圣的"如译错，各扣0.5 分。

·第2句∶1.5 分。"无论走到哪里"和"忘不了"如译错，各扣0.5 分。

·第3句∶2分。 "大家庭"如译错，扣0.5分;"四世同堂"如译错，扣1分。

·第4句∶1分。"小社会"如译错，扣 0.5分。

·第5句∶ 3分。"等级分明"和"辈分最高者地位最高"如译错，各扣1分。

·第6句∶1分。"情况"如译错，扣 0.5分。

·第7句∶ 2分。 "解体"如译错，扣1分。

·第8句∶4分。 "生活方式"、"对家的依恋"和"依然如故"如译错，各扣1分。

·第9句∶ 2分。 "每逢佳节倍思亲"如译错，扣1分;"人之常情"如译错，扣0.5分。